1. Water
   Water constitutes 70 to 80 percent of an adult dog's body weight. It's essential for your dog’s proper functioning. Water helps dissolve and transport nutrients to cells, regulates body temperature, aids digestion, and removes waste, among other functions. Make sure your dog has a steady supply of clean water daily. Generally, dogs should drink about one ounce of water per pound of body weight each day, according to PetMD, but it’s best to consult your veterinarian for personalized advice.

2. Fat
   Fats serve multiple purposes, such as protecting internal organs, regulating body temperature, and supporting a healthy nervous system. Low fat levels can lead to issues like dry, itchy skin and dull fur. Dogs require certain essential fatty acids that their bodies can’t produce on their own.

Steve Doerr, Technical Director and Research & Development Scientist at Redbarn Pet Products, explains that pet food calories are calculated differently from human foods: protein and carbohydrates are valued at 3.5 calories per gram, while fat is valued at 8.6 calories per gram, reflecting the less processed ingredients often used in pet foods. When selecting dog food, be mindful of the source, quality, and quantity of fats.

3. Protein
   Protein provides energy and supplies the building blocks for your dog’s body, including skin, nails, muscles, and bones. Since the body cannot store protein, it needs a regular supply. Proteins consist of amino acids—dogs require 22 of them to produce necessary proteins. While dogs can produce about half of these amino acids, the rest must come from their diet. Essential amino acids are crucial for your dog's health and must be obtained through food. Look for high-quality natural proteins as the first ingredient in dog food. The type of protein—be it fish, meat, or poultry—depends on your dog’s preferences and dietary needs. Rest assured, real meat, fish, or poultry is always the first ingredient in Redbarn’s dog food.

4. Carbohydrates
   Carbohydrates are a primary energy source and provide glucose. While they aren’t strictly essential, they contribute important vitamins, minerals, and plant-based nutrients. Examples include grains, barley, brown rice, whole corn, and potatoes.

5. Vitamins
   Vitamins play crucial roles in your dog’s diet, supporting growth and health maintenance. If you choose a complete and balanced dog food that meets AAFCO guidelines, your pup should receive the vitamins needed for optimal health. Key vitamins include:

• Vitamin D: Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels
• Vitamin A: Boosts the immune system
• Vitamin E and C: Serve as antioxidants
• Vitamin K: Aids in blood clotting
• Vitamin B12: Supports a healthy nervous system

6. Minerals
   Similar to vitamins, minerals are vital for various functions in your dog’s diet. Different minerals offer different benefits, such as:

• Calcium and Phosphorus: Essential for bone formation
• Iron: Carries oxygen throughout the body
• Zinc: Supports wound healing
• Selenium: Provides antioxidant support
• Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium: Help with nerve function and fluid balance